Acne is one of the most common skin conditions affecting millions of people worldwide, regardless of age, gender, or ethnicity. At Kings and Queens Medics, we understand that acne is more than just a physical condition—it can significantly impact self-esteem, mental health, and overall quality of life. As an online consultation clinic offering stigma-free care in Kenya, we are committed to providing accurate information, personalized treatment plans, and compassionate support to help you achieve clear, healthy skin.
In this blog, we’ll dive deep into the causes, types, and treatments of acne, as well as practical tips for managing and preventing breakouts. Whether you’re a teenager struggling with hormonal acne or an adult dealing with persistent skin issues, this guide is for you.
What is Acne?
Acne is a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. This leads to the formation of pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and sometimes deeper lumps like cysts or nodules. Acne most commonly appears on the face, but it can also affect the chest, back, shoulders, and other areas of the body.
While acne is often associated with adolescence due to hormonal changes, it can affect people of all ages. In fact, adult acne is on the rise, with many individuals experiencing breakouts well into their 30s, 40s, and beyond.
What Causes Acne?
Acne is a multifactorial condition, meaning it results from a combination of factors. Understanding these causes can help you better manage and treat your acne.
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Hormonal Changes
Hormones play a significant role in acne development. Androgens, a group of hormones that increase during puberty, stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more oil (sebum). This excess oil can clog pores and lead to breakouts. Hormonal fluctuations during menstruation, pregnancy, or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can also trigger acne. -
Excess Oil Production
Overactive sebaceous glands produce too much oil, which mixes with dead skin cells and bacteria, clogging pores and causing inflammation. -
Bacteria
The skin is home to a bacterium called Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes). When pores are clogged, this bacteria multiplies, leading to redness, swelling, and pus-filled pimples. -
Dead Skin Cell Buildup
Normally, dead skin cells shed naturally. However, when this process is disrupted, the cells can accumulate and mix with oil, blocking hair follicles. -
Lifestyle Factors
Diet, stress, and skincare habits can influence acne. For example, diets high in refined sugars and dairy have been linked to breakouts in some individuals. Stress can also worsen acne by triggering hormonal changes. -
Genetics
If your parents or siblings had acne, you’re more likely to develop it too. Genetics can influence how your skin produces oil and how it responds to inflammation.
Types of Acne
Acne can manifest in various forms, each requiring a tailored approach to treatment. Here are the most common types:
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Non-Inflammatory Acne
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Blackheads (Open Comedones): Small, dark spots caused by clogged pores. The black color is due to oxidation, not dirt.
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Whiteheads (Closed Comedones): Small, flesh-colored bumps that form when pores are clogged and closed.
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Inflammatory Acne
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Papules: Small, red, tender bumps without pus.
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Pustules: Red bumps filled with pus, often referred to as pimples.
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Nodules: Large, painful lumps beneath the skin’s surface.
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Cysts: Deep, pus-filled lumps that can cause scarring.
Acne can also be classified into mild, moderate and severe which is used to determine how aggressive the treatment will be.
How to Treat Acne
At Kings and Queens Medics, we believe in a personalized approach to acne treatment. What works for one person may not work for another, so it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for a tailored plan. Here are some common treatment options:
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Topical Treatments
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Retinoids: Derived from vitamin A, retinoids unclog pores and promote cell turnover. Examples include tretinoin and adapalene.
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Benzoyl Peroxide: Kills acne-causing bacteria and reduces inflammation.
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Salicylic Acid: Exfoliates the skin and helps clear clogged pores.
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Antibiotics: Topical antibiotics like clindamycin reduce bacteria and inflammation.
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Oral Medications
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Antibiotics: Oral antibiotics like doxycycline or minocycline are used for moderate to severe acne.
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Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills or anti-androgen medications can help regulate hormones in women.
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Isotretinoin: A powerful medication for severe, cystic acne that reduces oil production and prevents scarring.
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Procedures
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Chemical Peels: Exfoliate the skin and improve the appearance of acne scars.
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Laser Therapy: Reduces bacteria and inflammation while promoting collagen production.
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Extraction: A dermatologist removes blackheads and whiteheads using special tools.
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Lifestyle Changes
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Skincare Routine: Use gentle, non-comedogenic products and avoid over-washing or scrubbing your skin.
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Diet: Limit sugary and processed foods, and incorporate more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
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Stress Management: Practice relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing.
Preventing Acne
While acne can’t always be prevented, these tips can help reduce the frequency and severity of breakouts:
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Wash your face twice daily with a gentle cleanser.
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Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.
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Remove makeup before bed.
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Keep your hair clean and off your face.
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Use oil-free, non-comedogenic skincare and makeup products.
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Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet.
Final Thoughts
Acne is a complex condition, but with the right knowledge and support, it can be managed effectively.
Don’t let acne control your life. Reach out to us today and take the first step toward clearer, healthier skin.